HOSA 2025 Nutrition Assessment Practice Test - Complete Exam Prep

The correct answer identifies the two primary types of protein malnutrition as Marasmus and Kwashiorkor, both of which are serious conditions resulting from inadequate protein intake, often coupled with caloric deficiency.

Marasmus is characterized by severe energy deficiency, leading to significant weight loss, muscle wasting, and a emaciated appearance. It typically occurs in infants and young children who do not receive enough calories and protein, which affects their growth and development.

Kwashiorkor, on the other hand, is primarily due to a deficiency of protein despite possibly adequate caloric intake. It often presents with symptoms such as edema (swelling), abdominal distension, and changes in skin and hair pigmentation. This condition is commonly seen in children who have been weaned off breast milk but are not receiving sufficient protein in their diet.

Understanding these two distinct forms of protein malnutrition is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment in clinical nutrition and health care settings. They represent different pathophysiologies and clinical presentations, highlighting the importance of adequate protein intake in dietary guidelines.